Americans love their dogs, but they dont always love to pick up after them. And thats a problem. Dog feces left on the ground wash into waterways, sometimes carrying bacteria -- including antibiotic-resistant strains -- that can make people sick. Now scientists have developed a new genetic1 test to figure out how much dogs are contributing to this health concern, according to a report in the ACS journal Environmental Science Technology. Orin C. Shanks, Hyatt C. Green and colleagues explain that our waterways are susceptible2 to many sources of fecal contamination, including sewage leaks and droppings from farm animals and wildlife. Contamination from dog feces is a concern because it can harbor antibiotic-resistant strains of E. coli and other bacteria and parasites3 that can infect humans -- and there are nearly 70 million domesticated4 dogs in the U.S. Scientists have had few tools to determine the extent to which waste from dogs is adding to the pathogens in rivers, lakes and beachfront surf. Current methods look for certain genes5 from gut6 bacteria that end up in dog feces. However, this is not foolproof -- the microbiota of humans and the canine7 pets they live with often overlap8, making the analysis complicated. So Shanks team set out to create a more specific test.The researchers developed a new genetic testing method to specifically detect canine fecal contamination in water. They identified 11 genetic markers that were common among most of the dog samples but missing from the human ones. To determine whether their method would work for real-world monitoring, they sampled storm water from a rain garden where people often walk their dogs. The technique successfully detected some of the same markers they had identified as evidence for canine waste.
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1 genetic adj.遗传的，遗传学的 参考例句： Its very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传成人两性疾病治疗起来非常困难。 Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每一个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
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